Are you planning to visit the beautiful country of Ethiopia? You might have heard about the stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and warm hospitality of its people. But did you know that there is a whole different side to Ethiopia waiting to be explored in its northern region? From ancient historical sites to breathtaking natural wonders, Northern Ethiopia has something for every kind of traveler. So let’s dive into this lesser-visited part of Ethiopia and discover what it has in store for us.
1. Discovering the Ancient City of Axum
Located in the Tigray region, the city of Axum is steeped in history and is a must-visit destination in Northern Ethiopia. This ancient city was once the capital of the Kingdom of Axum and is known for its significant role in Ethiopian history. As you explore the city, you’ll come across numerous archaeological sites, including the famous Axum obelisks. These towering pillars were erected in the 4th century AD and are believed to have been used as markers for burial grounds of important rulers.
The Legends of the Ark of the Covenant
One of the most fascinating things about Axum is its connection to the biblical story of the Ark of the Covenant. According to legend, the Ark was brought to Axum from Jerusalem by the son of Queen Sheba and King Solomon. It is said to be kept in the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion, which is one of the oldest churches in Africa and a major pilgrimage site for Ethiopians. While visitors are not allowed inside the church, it is still worth a visit to see the exterior and learn about the legends surrounding the Ark.
Exploring the Stelae Park
Another top attraction in Axum is the Stelae Park, which is home to several stelae or ancient stone columns. These stelae are believed to have been used as grave markers and were once adorned with intricate carvings and decorations. The tallest stelae stands at over 24 meters and is a remarkable sight to behold. This park is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, adding to its historical significance.
Tips for Visiting Axum
- Make sure to dress modestly when visiting religious sites in Axum.
- Visit the city during the annual Axum Tsion Mariam festival, which takes place in August. It is a vibrant celebration of the Virgin Mary and attracts pilgrims from all over Ethiopia.
- Don’t miss out on trying some traditional Ethiopian cuisine while in Axum. Injera (a sourdough flatbread) served with various stews and vegetables is a must-try dish.
2. Exploring the Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela
Located in the Amhara region, the town of Lalibela is another top destination in Northern Ethiopia. It is home to 11 rock-hewn churches, each carved out of a single block of stone. These churches date back to the 12th and 13th centuries and are considered one of the greatest religious architectural wonders in the world. The churches are still active places of worship, and visitors can witness devout Ethiopians practicing their religion in a truly unique setting.
Witnessing the Beauty of the Churches
The rock-hewn churches of Lalibela are divided into two sections – the northern cluster and the southern cluster. The northern cluster consists of six churches, including the famous Biete Medhane Alem, which is believed to be the largest monolithic church in the world. The southern cluster includes five churches, with the most famous one being the Biete Giyorgis or the Church of St. George. This church is carved in the shape of a cross and sits in a deep gorge, making it a breathtaking sight to behold.
Exploring the Underground Tunnel System
One of the most intriguing aspects of the rock-hewn churches in Lalibela is the intricate underground tunnel system connecting them. These tunnels were used by the clergy and pilgrims to travel between the churches, and some sections even have small windows for ventilation and light. Visitors can explore these tunnels with a guide and get a glimpse into the lives of the people who built and used them centuries ago.
Tips for Visiting Lalibela
- The best time to visit Lalibela is during the Ethiopian Orthodox Christmas celebrations in January. The town comes alive with colorful processions and festivities, making it a memorable experience for visitors.
- Wear comfortable shoes as there is a lot of walking involved in exploring the rock-hewn churches.
- Don’t miss out on trying the local honey wine (tej) while in Lalibela. It is a popular traditional drink in Ethiopia and is believed to have medicinal properties.
3. Trekking in the Simien Mountains National Park
Located in the Amhara region, the Simien Mountains National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most stunning natural landscapes in Northern Ethiopia. Known for its dramatic cliffs, deep gorges, and unique flora and fauna, this park is a must-visit for nature lovers and adventure seekers. The Simien Mountains are also home to some of Ethiopia’s most iconic wildlife, including the gelada baboons and the endangered Walia ibex.
Trekking Routes in the Simien Mountains
The most popular trekking route in the Simien Mountains National Park is the 3-day hike from Debark to Sankaber. This route offers spectacular views of the mountains and takes you through various ecosystems, allowing you to spot different species of plants and animals. For more experienced trekkers, there are longer routes that take you deeper into the park, where you can witness more remote and untouched landscapes.
Wildlife in the Simien Mountains
As mentioned earlier, the Simien Mountains National Park is home to some unique and rare wildlife. The gelada baboons are the most famous inhabitants of the park and can be seen in large groups grazing on the mountainside. The Walia ibex, a species of wild goat found only in this region, is another highlight of the park and is often spotted during treks. If you’re lucky, you may even catch a glimpse of the elusive Ethiopian wolf, which is one of the rarest canids in the world.
Tips for Trekking in the Simien Mountains
- Make sure to hire a guide from the park’s headquarters before starting your trek. They are knowledgeable about the area and can point out interesting flora and fauna along the way.
- Carry enough water and snacks while trekking as there are no shops or facilities along the route.
- Wear appropriate clothing and shoes for trekking, and make sure to pack warm layers as temperatures can drop significantly at higher altitudes.
4. Exploring the Historical City of Gondar
Known as the “Camelot of Africa,” Gondar is a historical city in the Amhara region that served as the capital of Ethiopia during the 17th and 18th centuries. The city is renowned for its impressive castles and palaces, which were built by Emperor Fasilides and his successors. A visit to Gondar offers a glimpse into the country’s imperial past and the architectural wonders of that era.
Touring the Royal Enclosure
The Royal Enclosure is the main attraction in Gondar and consists of several castles, churches, and other buildings, all enclosed within a fortified wall. These structures were built in the 17th and 18th centuries and showcase a blend of European, Arab, and Indian architectural styles. The most notable buildings within the enclosure include Fasilides’ Castle, which is the oldest and largest of them all, and the Debre Birhan Selassie Church, known for its beautiful ceiling paintings.
Visiting the Bathing Pools of Emperor Fasilides
Just outside the Royal Enclosure lies a series of bathing pools built by Emperor Fasilides over 300 years ago. These pools are still used for an annual celebration called Timket, where thousands of Ethiopians gather to commemorate the baptism of Jesus Christ. During this time, the pools are filled with water from the nearby river, and people take part in religious processions, singing, and dancing.
Tips for Visiting Gondar
- Plan your visit to Gondar during the Timket festival if you want to witness this colorful and lively celebration.
- Make sure to wear comfortable shoes as there is a lot of walking involved in exploring the Royal Enclosure.
- Don’t forget to try the local delicacy, tibs (grilled meat), while in Gondar. It is a popular dish in Ethiopia and is often served with injera.
5. Discovering the Hidden Gem – Tigray Rock-Hewn Churches
While the rock-hewn churches in Lalibela may be more well-known, there is another set of hidden gems waiting to be discovered in the Tigray region. These rock-hewn churches are lesser-visited and offer a more intimate and off-the-beaten-path experience. Carved into sheer cliff faces, these churches are not only places of worship but also architectural marvels that showcase the ingenuity and skill of the people who built them.
Trekking to Abuna Yemata Guh Church
One of the most famous and challenging rock-hewn churches in Tigray is the Abuna Yemata Guh Church. Located on top of a 250-meter tall cliff, this church can only be reached by climbing up steep rock faces and narrow ledges. The trek to the church takes around three hours, and while it may be difficult, the reward is worth it. The church is adorned with beautiful frescoes and offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape.
Exploring Other Hidden Churches
Apart from Abuna Yemata Guh, there are several other hidden churches in the Tigray region that you can visit. These include Maryam Korkor Church, which is carved into a cave and has a series of tunnels leading to other chambers, and Debre Damo Monastery, which sits on top of a mountain and requires visitors to climb a rope to reach it. Each of these churches has its own unique features and offers a glimpse into the religious practices and traditions of the people who still use them today.
Tips for Visiting Tigray Rock-Hewn Churches
- Make sure to hire a local guide who is familiar with the area to lead you to the churches.
- Wear appropriate footwear for hiking and climbing.
- Respect the religious sites and customs of the locals while visiting the churches.
6. Road Tripping through the Danakil Depression
Located in the Afar region, the Danakil Depression is one of the hottest, driest, and most inhospitable places on earth. It is also one of the lowest points on the African continent, sitting at 120 meters below sea level. While it may not sound like an ideal destination, the Danakil Depression offers a unique and otherworldly experience that you won’t find anywhere else in Ethiopia.
Witnessing the Spectacular Landscapes
The Danakil Depression is often described as a land of fire and ice, and for good reason. The region is home to several active volcanoes, sulfuric acid pools, and geysers, which create a stark contrast against the stark and barren landscape. The most famous attraction in the area is the Erta Ale volcano, which has been continuously erupting since 1967 and offers a mesmerizing sight at night when its lava lake glows bright red.
Meeting the Afar People
The Danakil Depression is also home to the Afar people, who have adapted to living in this harsh environment for centuries. They are known for their resilience and resourcefulness and still practice their traditional way of life, including salt mining from the nearby Lake Assal. Visitors can interact with the Afar people and learn about their customs and traditions, making for a unique cultural experience.
Tips for Visiting the Danakil Depression
- Due to the extreme heat and difficult terrain, it is recommended to book a guided tour for your trip to the Danakil Depression.
- Be prepared for basic and rustic accommodations as there are no luxury hotels in the area.
- Make sure to carry plenty of water, sunscreen, and protective clothing while exploring the region.
Conclusion
Northern Ethiopia may not be as popular or well-known as other parts of the country, but it has a charm and allure that cannot be found anywhere else. From ancient cities and rock-hewn churches to breathtaking landscapes and unique cultures, Northern Ethiopia has something for every kind of traveler. So the next time you plan a trip to Ethiopia, make sure to expand your itinerary beyond the usual destinations and discover the wonders of the north.